Guru
Introduction
In both the previous sessions we study in detail about Magnetic Field and its Significance and Electric Field and its SignificanceNow here we will study about the Key Differences Between Magnetic and Electric Fields.
Difference between magnetic field and electric field
| Magnetic Field | Electric Field |
|---|---|
| The closed path for magnetic flux is called magnetic circuit. | The closed path for electric current is called electric circuit. |
| Flux = mmf/reluctance | Current = emf/resistance |
| Flux, Φ in Wb | Current, I in ampere |
| mmf in AT | emf in V |
| Reluctance, S=(l/aμ)=(l/aμ0μr) AT/Wb | Resistance, R = ρ(l/a) Ω or R=(1/σ)(l/a) Ω |
| Permeance = 1/reluctance | Conductance = 1/resistance |
| Permeability, μ | Conductivity,σ=(1/ρ) |
| Reluctivity | Resistivity |
| Flux density, B = (Φ/a) wb/`m^2` | Current density, J = (l/a) A/`m^2` |
| Magnetic intensity, H = NI/l | Electric intensity, E = V/d |
| In fact, the magnetic flux does not flow but it setup in the magnetic circuit (basically molecular poles are aligned). | The electric current (electrons) actually flows in an electric circuit. |
| For magnetic flux, there is no perfect insulator. It can be set-up even in the non-magnetic materials like air, rubber, glass etc. with reasonable mmf. | For electric current, there are large number of perfect insulators like glass, air, rubber, etc., which do not allow it to follow through them under normal conditions. |
| The reluctance (S) of a magnetic circuit is not constant rather it varies with the value of B. It is because the value of μr changes considerably with the change in B. | The resistance (R) of an electric circuit is almost constant as its value depends upon the value of U which is almost constant. However, the value of U and R may vary slightly if temperature changes. |
| Once the magnetic flux is set-up in a magnetic circuit, no energy is expanded. However, a small amount of energy is required at the start to create flux in the circuit. | Energy is expanded continuously, so long as the current flows through an electric circuit. This energy is dissipated in the form of heat. |
Conclusion
In summary, although there are some similarities between magnetic and electric fields, they also display unique traits and actions. These disciplines are crucial to physics, engineering, and technology because they make a vast array of tools and systems possible. Scientists and engineers can use their combined forces to push the boundaries of knowledge and innovation in the pursuit of a deeper understanding of the universe by knowing the similarities and differences between magnetic and electric fields.